Past as Prolog (
Minnesota Futurists). Benchmark best practices for Mapping Emigrant Trails (MET)
www.acctts.com/Trust-Factors/GeoVenturing-LNTours_8308am.htm - Cached - Similar pages
1902: Ernest Thompson Seton founds League of Woodcraft Indians,
1903: USFWS empowers National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) habitat protection
National Wildlife Refuge is a designation for certain protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The National Wildlife Refuge System is the world's premiere system of public lands and waters set aside to conserve America's fish, wildlife and plants.
Since President Theodore Roosevelt designated Florida's Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge as the first wildlife refuge in 1903, the System has grown to more than 150 million acres, 584 national wildlife refuges and other units of the Refuge System, plus 37 wetland management districts.
The mission of the Refuge System is to manage a national network of lands and waters for the conservation, management, and where appropriate, restoration of fish, wildlife and plant resources and their habitat. The Refuge System maintains the biological integrity, diversity and environmental health of these natural resources for the benefit of present and future generations of Americans.
1906: Ernest Thompson Seton meets with Baden-Powell in London.
1907: Baden-Powell publishes "Scouting for Boys" & Oklahoma becomes 46th State of USA ...
Feb-1910: Teddy Roosevelt named Chief Scout Citizen & E.T. Seton selected to serve as Chief Scout
Aug-1910: Teddy Roosevelt launches Progressive Republican Party at "Windmill Hill" (Lawrence, KS)
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1911-1914 First Edition: The Official Handbook for Boys was influenced by Lewis Lindsay Dyche.
1914: First William T. Hornaday Awards for conservation service presented.
1915: Order of the Arrow (La Flecha) organized by E. Urner Goodman & Carroll A. Edson.
1916: U.S. National Park Service founded to sustain "Grey Wolf's" National Conservation movement.
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Comments (1)
Bob-RJ Burkhart said
at 5:00 pm on Jun 15, 2009
Several authors worked on this line of research throughout the 1990s, developing different types of maps. One of the most active authors was Lin, who introduced the concept of a graphical table of contents (GTOC) that is functionally analogous to the table of contents in the printed environment.4
Lin applies the self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm to his own personal bibliography, analyzed by title and abstract fields, and represents it in a two-dimensional map.5 The SOM algorithm is a major method for unsupervised learning, based on a grid of artificial neurons whose weights are adapted to match input vectors in a training set. It was first described by the Finnish professor Teuvo Kohonen and is thus sometimes referred to as a Kohonen map.6
The algorithm takes a set of input objects, each represented by a vector in the matrix, and maps them onto nodes of a two-dimensional grid. Later on, Lin included such maps in the creation of GTOC Web sites based on a Java application.
Vectorization, the transformation of any information element into numerical data, using words from the title and abstract fields for co-word analysis, generates too large of a matrix, but this technique can be applied to reduced document sets. In this context, it is important to find some element that allows a less complex or “lighter” vectorization.
Online public access library catalogs (OPACs) have certain elements, such as the subject codes of UDC, that can be more easily vectorized than free text in order to create GTOCs of a library collection. Source-URL: http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/lita/ital/252006/2501mar/communications.cfm
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